Societal values refer to the beliefs, principles, and norms that guide the behavior and decisions of individuals within a society. These values are shaped by culture, religion, history, and other social factors, and they play a crucial role in shaping social interactions and institutions. Research in this area typically focuses on identifying, understanding, and analyzing the key values that shape a society, as well as examining how these values are transmitted, reinforced, and contested within different social groups and contexts. Additionally, scholars in this field also explore how societal values influence various aspects of individual and collective behavior, such as social norms, attitudes, identities, and public policies. Overall, research on societal values aims to deepen our understanding of the cultural and moral foundations of societies and their implications for social cohesion and change.